Key Dimensions

Change is fundamental and unavoidable piece of the cutting edge society and it criticalness is extremely predominant and extraordinary. Each open and privately owned businesses/associations are exposed to fast and incessant changes, on the grounds that the world changes also. An area and size of organization doesn’t matter. Essentially saying, it is for all intents and purposes unimaginable for the organization to evade changes, since they are marvels which are all around acknowledged. Present day directors are dealing with discovering ways how to staff a feeling of authority over evolving circumstances. As a matter of fact protection from change doesn’t imply that that the staff is against them, it implies that they object just the manner in which the progressions are actualized. (Hierarchical Change 2006)Staff opposes to changes just in light of the fact that the explanation behind the change is indistinct for them. Negative responses can be brought about by, for inst ance, by equivocalness in employments, costs and equipment.â The following explanation is that staff wasn’t counseled about the potential changes and they give off an impression of being a practiced certainty. It implies that representatives are eager to realize what is happening in association, particularly if their occupations might be affected.The third explanation of opposition is the point at which the potential changes may undermine the current examples of working connections between representatives. Individuals oppose to changes likewise when they are not happy with staff, monies and schedules or when the advantages for presenting changes are deficient for the included difficulty. Particularly staff is against changes when their capacity or status in association is influenced. Subsequently, directors ought to prudently present changes with the goal that most of workers will be satisfied.(Rosenberg 20)The most significant assignment for chiefs is to make their organiz ations learning associations. There are numerous strategies and approaches, however the most appropriate methodology is to encourage the staff well giving important upgrades to such learning. Distinctive instructing and training projects might be effectively executed. Likewise rewards and individual endorsements are permitted. Workers really ought to be profoundly energetic. (Yerkes 462)Innovations are significant if the firm/association needs to stay serious in present day condition. Development is presentation of new techniques and things with a positive reason to improve the organization’s execution. Development is blend of information applied to new assistance, procedures and products.Organizational advancement includes imaginative thoughts so as to have â€Å"tangible effect in the area in which the advancement occurs†. (Hyde 64) Innovation is portrayed by the accompanying issues: relative preferred position implying that developments need to create huge enhanceme nts to be adjusted; effortlessness implying that advancement ought to be effectively comprehended and introduced; modesty; simple to have a go at implying that new technique ought to be handily presented and surrendered if essential; simple to quantify implying that advantages, for example, time, productivity and cash ought to be effectively calculated.(Hyde 64)It is obvious that anxieties are additionally unavoidable part in every association. There are numerous expected wellsprings of worry inside hierarchical structure. For instance, association size might be a stressor.â Large associations once in a while cause the feeling of weakness among workers. The following source is innovation utilized by an association for items or administration creation. Plan of association may adversely influence representatives making the feeling of being controlled as a machine.The extra pressure sources are close to home clashes, work structure and work jobs. (Laurus 773) It is referred to that a nxieties have negative outcomes as they are the reasons of hypertension, coronary corridor sickness, stomach ulcers and respiratory failures. Stress results in despondencies and nerves just as restlessness may exacerbate psychological working. In the outcome an individual may lose focus and trust in dynamic. There are numerous approaches to oversee pressure such as, modifying stressors themselves, adjusting mediators of the stressors, diminishing individual’s reactions and lightening the pressure outcomes. Association can oversee worry by offering help administrations, compromise and intellectual treatment. (Kahn et al. 99)ReferencesAdaptation to change (2006) Bitpipe White papers on the web, Retrieved September, 30, from http://www.bitpipe.com/rlist/term/Change-Management.html?psrc=RTP.Hyde, A.C. (2002) Understanding Innovation in Management. The Public Manager, 31, 3, 64. James Morrison, and Ian Wilson. (1996) The Strategic Management Response to the Challenge of Global C hange, Strategic Management, 7, 3, 25-27.Kahn, R.L., Wolfe, R.P., Quinn, R.P., Snoek, J.D., and Rosenthal, R.A. (1964). Authoritative Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. New York: Wiley, 98-102.Lazarus, R.S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., and Gruen, R. (1985). Stress and Adaptational Outcomes: The Problems of Confounded Measures.  American Psychologist, 40, 770-779.Organizational change the board (2006) Journal of Organizational Change Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited Retrieved September, 30, from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/information/diaries/jocm/jocm.jspRosenberg, Deanne. (1993, January) Eliminating Resistance to Change. Security Management, 37, 1, 20-23.Yerkes, R.M. and Dodson, J.D. (1988). The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation. Diary of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.

Poverty in Africa

Destitution in Africa More than 800 million individuals nod off starving each day, and 300 million of those 800 are just youngsters. Destitution is a worldwide emergency, something that influences numerous in a shocking way. â€Å"Poverty is going unfilled, with no expectation for what's to come. Neediness resembles watching your mom father, siblings and sisters bite the dust in torment and in distress since they couldn’t grab a bite. † Poverty has been around for a long time, and will consistently be near. It is consistently there and will consistently be an issue. It could have been maintained a strategic distance from, and can be dealt with in the event that we follow the Gospels.The Gospels have numerous anecdotes and lessons about poor people, and we can connect that to neediness today. Neediness influences numerous youngsters in Africa. In Africa 40 to 70% of the populace lives in ghettos, and the youngster death rate in those ghettos is 65% higher. The kids in th ese ghettos carry on with a horrible life. Here in Canada, we have houses and lofts, townhouses and duplexes; these day to day environments are fine. A few people grumble their home is excessively little, or they need to share a room. Envision having no space to share or no house at all.When individuals gripe about having a little house, they ought to envision living in a stuffed shack without any floors, no water, and no power. Individuals in Africa need to live in those shacks. The congregation shows us numerous supportive things. Jesus remains on side of poor people, thus should we. On the off chance that we as a whole put the necessities of the poor before our own needs, we would not have kids starving to death in Africa. The Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-30) is about a man that approaches Jesus for unceasing life, and what he should do to get it. Jesus asks advises him to sell every one of his assets and give the cash to poor people, the man sighs.Jesus likewise advises the man to follow the 10 edicts. The strict truth is to follow the 10 precepts and to be benevolent, and give to poor people. The Judgment of the Nations (Matthew 25:31-46) is about the Lord isolating the great individuals from awful. He tells the great thank-you for thinking about him, and he tells the awful they didn't support him. The two gatherings question and state they don't did anything to him. God at that point says the great individuals accomplished something for poor people, and the awful individuals failed to help poor people. The strict truth in this is to regard the poor as though they are God.Poverty is a colossal issue and it very well may be dealt with, and could have been maintained a strategic distance from. On the off chance that we followed the Gospels, and we followed what God instructed us to do, we wouldn’t have this issue. Individuals are exceptionally oblivious, and have an independent perspective. On the off chance that we as a whole gave 5% of our checks to starving kids it would have a gigantic effect. Regardless of whether everybody follows the 10 precepts, destitution would improve. The world is loaded with a great many individuals live on the planet today, and if even 33% of those billions attempted to help neediness we would see a difference.People need to begin considering the poor more. We should all treat poor people, as though they are God. We should go about as though every one of those destitute youngsters we’re a bit of God. In the event that somebody saw God starving and in torment, they would support him. With destitution, it ought to be a similar way. We should see individuals who are ravenous, or even know about individuals who are eager, and we should help them here and there. The Gospels show us this, and numerous individuals read the Gospels, so why don’t individuals do it. Individuals ought to do what the Gospel’s state and we would have much less individuals who are biting the dust, and star ving. Destitution in Africa Destitution in Africa More than 800 million individuals nod off starving each day, and 300 million of those 800 are just youngsters. Neediness is a worldwide emergency, something that influences numerous in a loathsome way. â€Å"Poverty is going unfilled, with no desire for what's to come. Destitution resembles watching your mom father, siblings and sisters pass on in torment and in distress since they couldn’t grab a bite. † Poverty has been around for a very long time, and will consistently be near. It is consistently there and will consistently be an issue. It could have been maintained a strategic distance from, and can be dealt with in the event that we follow the Gospels.The Gospels have numerous stories and lessons about poor people, and we can interface that to neediness today. Neediness influences numerous youngsters in Africa. In Africa 40 to 70% of the populace lives in ghettos, and the youngster death rate in those ghettos is 65% higher. The youngsters in t hese ghettos carry on with a horrendous life. Here in Canada, we have houses and lofts, townhouses and duplexes; these day to day environments are fine. A few people gripe their home is excessively little, or they need to share a room. Envision having no space to share or no house at all.When individuals grumble about having a little house, they ought to envision living in a stuffed shack without any floors, no water, and no power. Individuals in Africa need to live in those shacks. The congregation shows us numerous accommodating things. Jesus remains on side of poor people, thus should we. In the event that we as a whole put the necessities of the poor before our own needs, we would not have kids starving to death in Africa. The Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-30) is about a man that approaches Jesus for everlasting life, and what he should do to get it. Jesus asks advises him to sell every one of his assets and give the cash to poor people, the man sighs.Jesus likewise advises the man to follow the 10 decrees. The strict truth is to follow the 10 charges and to be caring, and give to poor people. The Judgment of the Nations (Matthew 25:31-46) is about the Lord isolating the great individuals from awful. He tells the great thank-you for thinking about him, and he tells the terrible they didn't support him. The two gatherings question and state they don't did anything to him. God at that point says the great individuals accomplished something for poor people, and the terrible individuals failed to help poor people. The strict truth in this is to regard the poor as though they are God.Poverty is an enormous issue and it very well may be dealt with, and could have been stayed away from. In the event that we followed the Gospels, and we followed what God instructed us to do, we wouldn’t have this issue. Individuals are uninformed, and have an independent mind. On the off chance that we as a whole gave 5% of our checks to starving kids it would have a coloss al effect. Regardless of whether everybody follows the 10 precepts, neediness would improve. The world is loaded with a great many individuals live on the planet today, and if even 33% of those billions attempted to help neediness we would see a difference.People need to begin contemplating the poor more. We should all treat poor people, as though they are God. We should go about as though every one of those destitute youngsters we’re a bit of God. On the off chance that somebody saw God starving and in torment, they would support him. With neediness, it ought to be a similar way. We should see individuals who are eager, or even know about individuals who are ravenous, and we should help them here and there. The Gospels show us this, and numerous individuals read the Gospels, so why don’t individuals do it. Individuals ought to do what the Gospel’s state and we would have much less individuals who are biting the dust, and starving.

Strategic Management Springer Science & Business Media

Question: Portray about the Strategic Management for Springer Science Business Media. Answer: Section A Foundation data Settle frozen yogurt is Australias one of the most loved premium brand and a genuine symbol. Settle joins nourishment with taste with a functioning creative mind as they endeavor to improve so as to be a unique organization so as to adapt up to changing economic situation (Nestle, 2016). The organization was set up by Fred Peters in 1907. The board of the organization isn't anxious about change as they generally find better approaches to convey frozen yogurt to clients by utilizing one of a kind skill and most recent advances. Their prosperity mantra is to Dive In epitomizes so as to fulfill necessities of clients in most ideal way. Their acclaimed frozen yogurt brands are Frosty Fruit, Connoisseur, Original and Drumstick. Settle Peters is a shelter for frozen yogurt darlings as taste gave in their items contacts the heart and leaves a durable taste (Arbuckle, 2013). The organization is growing their business in Japan, New Zealand and in other European nations in react to expanding request. Responsibility for Peters Ice Cream (in singular status) in Western Australia went as a major aspect of Peters and Brownes (PB) in 2006 to Fonterra and to Nestl in 2009. It had given Nestl across the country control of the brand (Nestle, 2016). Since 2012, The Peters Ice Cream business, including its Mulgrave industrial facility, was bought by Pacific Equity Partners with a permit to fabricate sub-brands held by Nestl, such Drumstick. Organization can possibly grow in not so distant future as their items are cherished by people in general and by considering their reaction to plan to make persistent improvement in it. Outside examination Being a frozen yogurt maker, Nestle communicates in the business which is legitimately influenced by a few outside variables. These components can be broke down by utilizing PESTLE investigation. This is a viable instrument to audit pressure forced by the outer condition on frozen yogurt brand. PESTLE examination Political variables: In Australia, there is political dependability which gives Nestle significant essential to working a beneficial However, charge approaches impact cost and cost and friends are required to work by thinking about laws and guidelines of government. In spite of the fact that Nestle dessert is a top notch brand, still they are required to think about the enthusiasm of government offices and weight bunches in their business procedures. Monetary variables: The low financial development of Australia is a critical issue for Nestle because of which they can't upgrade deals of their dessert items. Organization bargains in premium brand while their rivals are giving their items in lower value shows impediment for Nestle. What's more, to this, swelling and expanding in cost fuel has upgraded the general expense of working exercises because of which overall revenue of the organization is diminished. Social Factors: Over the years, customers observation has been changing towards frozen yogurt as they favor more beneficial items alongside the great taste. In this manner, Nestle is required to furnish frozen yogurt with less calories by lessening the utilization of sugar and fat fixings (Haskelberg, Thomas Gill, 2016). What's more, the board of Nestle dessert is required to receive distinctive social settings to work in a successful way. Mechanical variables: Technology is continually improving in all ventures, and business is required to embrace it for endurance and to achieve upper hand. Settle frozen yogurt is effectively chipped away at advancement and new innovation for better efficiency and benefits. Through online life, they are taking criticism from Australian shoppers so as to give better items to them. Lawful components: Nestle frozen yogurt is required to think about changing guidelines of Australia to forestall blocks in smooth activities of business (Savio, Udell Coveney, 2013). It is on the grounds that logical inconsistency of these laws can prompt serious punishments and unfriendly effect on the generosity of business. Ecological elements: Nestle dessert is required to concentrate on their CSR by thinking about natural concerns. For this reason, they can utilize reusing methodology in bundling and use condition well disposed procedures for business. Rundown As per the PESTLE investigation of Nestle frozen yogurt, it very well may be said that organization is required to change their estimating methodologies by thinking about the low monetary development of Australia. They ought to adjust their business procedures by considering changing inclination of clients and condition cordial practices. They can utilize new innovations for creation exercises and reinforce their online nearness. The organization is required to carefully follow nourishment and corporate guidelines to forestall obstructions in smooth activities of business. Doormen 5 Model Figure 1: Porters 5 Model of Nestle Ice cream The danger of new contestants: Threat of new participants is low in the Australian economy as customers don't lean toward new brands without any problem. Nonetheless, extension of outside brands in Australia like Amul is a noteworthy risk (Nestle, 2013). Settle frozen yogurt has a solid name in the market, however dessert industry is colossal and reasonable, so new participants of existing brands as the possibility to lessen the piece of the overall industry of the organization. The danger of substitute merchandise: Threat of substitute merchandise is irrelevant as his in light of the fact that the item is extremely regular for utilization. Because of this angle, Nestle is required to enhance their items in a huge way to remain in the market and diminishing the risk of substitute. In this angle, they are thinking about wellbeing awareness and health factor in their dessert items. Dealing intensity of providers: Bargaining intensity of providers is moderate for Nestle as they are known for reinforcing provider relations because of their enormous purchasing power (Tan, 2012). Further, quality is viewed as vital viewpoint accordingly they had created tough relations for additional improvement in items. Moreover, they take direction of providers to working effectively and lessen operational expenses. Haggling intensity of clients: Bargaining intensity of shoppers is high since they have different alternatives. Because of this angle, it is fundamental for the organization to consider prerequisites and desire for clients to make them happy with the quality and taste of items (Nestle, 2016). Settle dessert is worried towards their clients subsequently they had developed new frozen yogurt for people who are more wellbeing cognizant. Serious contention inside the business: Nestle dessert has a solid situation in Australia, however there is solid rivalry in the market. Significant contenders of the organization are Lion Dairy and Drinks, Tasmanian Heritage St Claire and Bulla Dairy Foods. Subsequently, the risk of serious contention inside the business is high for Nestle dessert. So as to stay serious, Nestle is required to concentrate on development and innovation by thinking about inclinations of customers. Rundown Watchmen examination of Nestle frozen yogurt shows solid stamping position of the organization. In any case, Nestle is required to advance their items in a huge way to remain in the market and decreasing the risk of substitute. They are required to keep creating frozen yogurt having less calories as clients are worried towards their wellbeing. Further, they should give creative flavors to stay serious. References Books and Journals Arbuckle, W. S. (2013). Dessert. Springer Science Business Media. Haskelberg, H., Thomas, B., Gill, T. (2016). High variety in the maker pronounced serving size of bundled optional nourishments in Australia. English Journal of Nutrition. 115(10), 1810-1818. Settle, M. (2013). Today's Eat More Environment. In Public Affairs. Savio, S., Udell, T., Coveney, J. (2013). A study of the reformulation of Australian youngster situated nourishment items. BMC general wellbeing, 13(1), 1. On the web Settle. (2016). [Online]. Recovered from https://www.nestle.com/Pages/Nestle.aspx . [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Tan, G., (2012). Settle Puts Australian Ice Creams Business on the Block. [Online]. Recovered from https://blogs.wsj.com/dealjournalaustralia/2012/04/18/settle puts-australian-desserts business-on-the-square/. [Accessed on 11 December 2016].

How to Learn the IELTS Exam Quickly

How to Learn the IELTS Exam QuicklyThe Band 9 IELTS ebook is the best solution for those who are in a rush and would like to learn the IELTS exam quickly. It is available for download immediately after you buy it. It contains all the IELTS syllabus and the associated tests which are to be taken before sitting for the examination. The testing procedure is also very simple and straightforward.You should first know that there are three sections of the IELTS exam namely English, Reading and Listening. They can be studied separately or in a combination. Each section has a number of practice questions and an examination paper which have to be answered correctly to pass the test.The Band 9 IELTS book has lessons for English, Reading and Listening. However, due to space limitations it was necessary to create several chapters on these topics. Therefore you will find several chapters on learning materials, sample essays and practice exams.The Band 9 IELTS book provides useful tips and hints fo r every stage of the exam. Moreover, there are also sample essays and practice papers to practice for. You can download these at no cost.The first chapter of the Band 9 IELTS ebook provides you with tips for writing an essay. You will be provided with detailed tips for essay drafting. This chapter also contains an essay outline and some sample essays and their outlines.The second chapter of the Band 9 IELTS ebook is dedicated to practice exams. You can choose from a variety of exam schedules including one-time, multiple-time and timed exams.The third chapter of the Band 9 IELTS book is dedicated to the features of the software. You will be provided with all the features of the software along with an overview of all the features and benefits. You will also find a summary of the application and review the general user manual.

Abuse Be The Solution Not The Problem - 2183 Words

55479 Cranberry Dr. Macomb, MI 48042 April 1, 2015 Prof Josephine Walwema Oakland University Department of Writing and Rhetoric 307 O’Dowd Hall Dear Professor Walwema: Abuse: Be the Solution Not the Problem I am pleased to submit my proposal to limit the amount of abuse that occurs in the world. There is a growing problem on this topic because cases of abuse are heard daily, weekly, and/or monthly on the television news, especially in sports leagues such as the NFL, where the word abuse or domestic violence, a form of abuse, is at a very critical point today. I believe the solutions I have provided are the best ways to limit the number of cases for abuse. The solutions that I come up with are some solutions that are already in place and a few other ideas that will help limit the amount of cases of abuse. I appreciate your time and thank you for the opportunity to present this proposal. I welcome all of the questions or concerns you may have regarding this proposal. Thank You, Sincerely, Emanuel Hasaj Emanuel Hasaj Enclosure ABUSE Be the Solution Not the Problem Emanuel Hasaj WRT 382 Contents ABUSE 1 Executive Summary 3 Abuse: Be the Solution Not the Problem 4 Introduction 4 Problem 4 Background 5 Child Abuse 5 Domestic Violence 6 Emotional Abuse 6 Substance Abuse 6 Solution 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 Executive Summary The number of cases of abuse is growing, and growing drastically at that. With the number of cases growing, sportsShow MoreRelatedElderly Abuse, Teenage Pregnancy, and Proposed Solutions to These Two Family Problems977 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many problems that plague families nowadays. These problems can affect anybody from the newborn baby to the 90 year old great-grandmother. Some problems can cause physical pain and leave the victim bloody and bruised, for instance abuse, while others cause mental anguish and financial hardship, such as teenage pregnancies. 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What is Culture - 1459 Words

Question One What is culture? Culture can be interpreted in multiple ways and have many different meanings to different individuals. Consequently, it is because of those facts that a definition is so hard to create. To some, culture results from consumed meanings by a social group (Lewis, 2008). Others view culture as something based on economics and servitude (Marx, as cited by Lewis, 2008). Hebdige ambiguous concept As I attempt to tease out a personal definition of culture based on my own experiences and various readings this semester, I select a few common themes that bare significance in my conceptualization of culture. Beliefs, values, social constructs, are some of the concepts used in many of the definitions of culture.†¦show more content†¦I look to an experience I had as an undergraduate to help process through my definition of a subculture. Within my fraternity, there was a group of involved students on campus. We were small in number, and we were not receiving recognition from our organization for our accomplishments within the campus community. In order to gain the appreciation we desired, we formed â€Å"secret society† within our fraternity in which we met and helped each other balance campus involvement with fraternity involvement. We formed a subculture under the dominant culture that was our fraternity. Subcultures cannot exist without the dominant group, an d must develop as an extension of the dominant culture. Subcultures do not develop in a â€Å"vacuum†, but the dominant culture influences them in many ways, both complex and subtle (Charon, 2002). Without the dominant culture, a subculture would not exist, and that is evident with this statement. Each needs the other Another component of a subculture is the adoption of symbols from a dominant culture to have their own meaning within the context of the subculture. Subcultures do this through the concept of bricolage. Lewis (2008) defines bricolage as â€Å"the rearrangement of cultural elements and styles in order to produce new meanings and styles† (pg. 395). Subcultures adopt new symbols and recontextualize theirShow MoreRelatedWhat is Culture?1622 Words   |  7 PagesWebster’s dictionary defines culture as â€Å"the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time†. (Culture) This paper will attempt to inform the r eader of those influences that were instrumental in molding what is the modern culture of Italy. The geography, history, language, art, food, and religion of the Italian region all combine to form one of the richest cultures on planet earth. This culture has also been a key influencer of western culture as a whole. By better understandingRead MoreWhat Makes A Culture Or Culture?2443 Words   |  10 Pages Chapter Four 4.1 Helpful for My Career: Choosing a culture or cultures to learn about would help me to understand the way of doing business in other countries. 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Establish Thesis My culture....†nerd† Explain Life Events Much Stress School Life Relate back to thesis Introduce Solution #1 Gaming Introduce Solution #2 Family Italian influences Conclude and relate back to personal, school Essay Dominic Despres English 10 Instructor Merrick November 1, 2016 Survivor What are you? How many times on a daily basis are you asked this question? You, like me, wouldn’t probably just say a human, but you wouldRead MoreWhat Is Culture And Cultural Competence?1328 Words   |  6 Pagesglobalization has resulted in people from different cultures and backgrounds interacting more closely with one another. This is clearly evident when it comes to SNA for their employees and clients come from all over the world. We as a company will need to recognize and appreciate the role that culture plays in our lives and the lives of others in order make our partnership successful. What is culture and cultural competence? Per Wikipedia, Culture is what people eat, how they dress, beliefs they holdRead MoreWhat s Culture And Religion?1191 Words   |  5 Pages Islam is a religion practiced by billions of people worldwide; with this, many cultures have embraced the faith; which is difficult at times to make the comparison and differentiate between what’s culture and religion. An example of this is marriage, as previous stated, Islam speaks against arranged marriages that are force. Arrange marriages is a common practice in many cultures which strives till’ this day. It’s a marriage that is much easier for families to commit to because many marry withinRead MoreWhat is Culture? Essay examples1828 Words   |  8 PagesThe first definition of ‘culture’ by Oxford’s Dictionary is ‘art, literature, music and other intellectual expressions of a particular society or time’ (â€Å"Culture,† Oxford’s Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English). Anthropologist of culture, Raymond Williams argued that the term ‘culture’ was first used in reference to the cult ivation of crops which was later associated in relation to the cultivation of the human mind, hence the expression ‘cultured/cultivated person’. The noun of processRead MoreCulture And Religion : What Is Religion?1758 Words   |  8 PagesCulture and Religion What is Culture? What is Religion? Which predates the other? Are they different from another? Is one a byproduct of another? Or are they one in the same? These fundamental questions will dictate whether people and their beliefs make up the interpretation of their environment or have definitive proof beyond that of a theory, substantiating Religion not just as a social construct of culture, but an absolute for acknowledgement and submission of an individual and more importantlyRead MoreBody Paragraph : What Is Culture?1892 Words   |  8 Pages Body Paragraph I: What is Culture? Culture may be defined as the learned and shared beliefs, values and life ways guide a group’s members in patterned ways of thinking and acting, are generally transmitted inter-generationally and influence one s thinking and action modes. Culture is often compared to a blueprint; it guides the actions that impact caregiving, health and well being. Extending far beyond ethnicity and social norms, culture, includes religious, socioeconomic, geographic, occupational

New Deal DBQ free essay sample

The 1929 stock-market crash and the ensuing Great Depression exposed major weaknesses in the U.S. and world economies. These ranged from chronically low farm prices and uneven income distribution to trade barriers, a surplus of consumer goods, and a constricted money supply. As the crisis deepened, President Hoover struggled to respond. In 1932, with Hoovers reputation in tatters, FDR and his promised â€Å"New Deal brought a surge of hope. Although FDRs New Deal did not end the Great Depression it eased the people’s suffering and reformed many of the problems that contributed to the depression by providing relief, recovery, and reform while fundamentally changing the role of the federal government towards the people. First, the conditions under Hoover need to be examined, as seen from the point of view of The New Masses, a Marxist publication, in which Meridel Lesueur criticizes the Hoover administrations lackluster response in helping not only men, but mostly in helping women as a whole, noting that there were many women out of work who were discriminated against by the male population in the midst of the crisis (Document A). Critics could dismiss this because of the source, a Marxist publication, but they cannot dismiss statistics, like those shown in Document J, which shows the overall unemployment rates of non-farm workers from 1920 until 1945, with the peak of the unemployment following the crash, and only beginning to fall after Hoovers leave from office and the initiation of the New Deal (Document J). The effectiveness of the New Deal must be weighed with the economic and political environment of the Roosevelt Administration. Under Roosevelt, the New Deal was formed, and unemployment dropped from nearly 40% unemployment to 25% unemployment from 1933 to 1937 (Document J). If this doesnt show how effective the New Deal was, then nothing does. The effectiveness of the New Deal goes beyond lowering unemployment by half. It also goes further, removing obstacles of the common man to organize for self-protection, creating Social Security to benefit all Americans, and helping to ease race tensions for the first time since Reconstruction. The right to organize for self-protection, for the working man to form a Union to protect their rights, was restricted to the point of nonexistence in the anti-worker, pro-business administrations of the Republican-held 1920s. To remedy this, and to increase support among the working man and help to relieve workers, Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act, or the Wagner Act. This gave Unions the legal right to exist for the first time in American history, after decades of labor strife and government support of big business under Republican presidents. John L. Lewis, labor leader and supporter of Roosevelt, gave an address on NBC, defending the act and the rights of workers to organize in 1936, saying,Huge corporations, such as United States Steel and General Motors†¦have no right to transgress the law which gives the workers the right of self-organization and collective bargaining. (Document G) While the Wagner Act addressed labor strife and allowed for the common man to have a real voice in the marketplace as well as the ballot box for the first time, other effects of the New Deal and its effectiveness are still seen today. A noted one is Social Security, established during Roosevelts second term. Social Security, which provides old age pensions for the elderly, remains an effective and useful program to this day; despite the problems it has because of population growth and the raiding of the trust fund to finance things it wasnt meant to finance. The premise of the plan and program itself can be seen in Document E, which gives information on the program after it was first established (Document E). Originally, the program was created to bring the elderly out of poverty, of which it did easily, bringing millions of the elderly out of poverty and further showing the effectiveness of the New Deal. The New Deal, in many cases, was rather socially progressive as well as economically progressive. African Americans, which had been hurt by the Depression and made scapegoats by many, were among the hardest hit by the Depression, finding themselves now out of work and the possibility of being at the wrong end of a noose if they were singled out by the Ku Klux Klan in the Southern states. The New Deal began to remedy this in ways not yet seen in American society, ones that would later give way to the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s. African American workers were now given jobs alongside white workers all over the nation by the new relief programs established by the New Deal. In an editorial in The Crisis, the NAACPs official publication, an author notes that †¦For the first time in their lives, government has taken on a meaning and substance for the Negro masses†¦ (Document I). The New Deal didnt only stop there in terms of effectiveness, though, as can be seen in Document H, which shows that among the things done under the New Deal to combat poverty and eliminate unemployment, the government itself had been revitalized, and the American people had a real trust in government, following years of corruption under Republican rule (Document H). Critics of the New Deal need look no further to assess the effectiveness of the New Deal but to look to society at present, a society in which workers can freely organize and move for better working conditions, a society in which the elderly dont have to fear poverty because of a lack of an ability to work, and a society in which civil and equal rights are protected by our government.

The Last Kamikaze Essays - World War II, Imperial Japanese Navy

The Last Kamikaze The Last Kamikaze. Edwin P. Hoyt. Praeger Publishers, 1993. Pp.xvi, 235. The Last Kamikaze is a book written by well-recognized military historian Edwin P. Hoyt about Matome Ugaki, a Vice Admiral in the Japanese Imperial Navy during World War II. The book chronicles the diary of Ugaki from preparing for the attack on Pearl Harbor to his final suicide mission in 1945. Using his own style of part-biography, part-historiography, Hoyt intermixes exerts from Ugaki's diary with his own assessments of what was happening in the war. The central theme of the book the loyalty Ugaki has for the Japanese Imperial Navy. Numerous examples of Ugaki's determination to be 100% loyal to Japan and to the cause of war are shown throughout the book. Ugaki's devotion to the Japanese Imperial Navy, the constant struggles of Japanese Navy against the Allies, and Ugaki's desire to die for the cause of the war are all main points that Hoyt shows all the way through the book. The Last Kamikaze begins with the planning of the Pearl Harbor bombing by the Japanese. The planning of the attack had taken almost a year to make and it was a strenuous time for high- ranking Japanese officials. One man imparticular, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, wanted Japan to stay as far away as possible from U.S. and Great Britain military efforts. Yamamoto was Ugaki's Chief of Staff and best friend. The two conversed at great lengths throughout the war what they felt was the proper action Japan should be taking. It is here that Hoyt shows of Ugaki's devotion to the Japanese Imperial Navy. When in 1940 the government of Japan had declared their policy of war with the West, Ugaki was skeptical. He and Yamamoto questioned how Japan was going to compete with the U.S.'s and Great Britain's natural resources. Hoyt contends that Ugaki's loyalty is best seen here. Ugaki knew that Japan had little chance of defeating the Allies in the war, especially in a war that would last more than a few months. But he, being a loyal subject to the Emperor, accepted the challenge and from the beginning held the view that he was going to die for the cause of war. Hoyt's strongest contention throughout the book is Ugaki's willingness to serve the Japanese navy to his best capability and this is evident from the beginning. When looking at The Last Kamikaze's strengths and weaknesses, it is clear the strengths definitely outweigh the weaknesses. A major strength of the book is well-detailed information given by Hoyt. This is in part to the ability of Hoyt to take Ugaki's diary and incorporate it into already known facts about Japan's Naval involvement during WW II. Hoyt goes through Ugaki's thought process, planning efforts, execution of orders, and his final reaction to the events that take place. The reader knows what Ugaki is feeling and thinking at all times during the book. Another strength of the book is the readability. The Last Kamikaze is written by a military historian, which can be challenging to read. However, Hoyt uses words and phrases that are easy to understand and the reader can following along with the story Hoyt is telling. The book becomes even clearer to the reader when Hoyt incorporates pictures of the key events in Ugaki's life. Pictures of his family, fighter pilots and planes, a nd his plane he rode to death in his final kamikaze mission bring a visual effect that enhances the quality of the book. A final strength of The Last Kamikaze is way in which organizes Ugaki's life. He divides the book into sections of Ugaki's life beginning with the planning of Pearl Harbor to the involvement of Japan in the war to the loss of Admiral Yamamoto and finally to the last kamikaze mission. Hoyt does an excellent job in capturing the important stages of Ugaki's life. The one major weakness that was evident in the book is the extent to which Hoyt goes into detail about irrelevant information. As before mentioned as strength, the detailed information can become redundant at times where not as much detailed is needed. An example of this can be found when Hoyt takes the reader through a

Maestro essays

Maestro essays The novel Maestro, by Peter Goldsworthy, who was born in Adelaide and then moved to Darwin to finish his education. Since graduating in medicine from the University of Adelaide, he has devoted his time equally to medicine and writing. He is married to a fellow graduate and they have three children. I believe Goldsworthy successfully explores issues relevant to a society in a different period of time, given the book is set in the 1960s and was not published until 1989. Goldsworthy uses representations of setting and character to give the reader a better understanding of the people places and culture, which surround them today. Goldsworthys representations of characters in the novel play a major part in exploring issues from a different period of time as well as giving the reader a better understanding of their own world. * Keeps himself remote/removed from others by not showing - Certain feelings or acting kindly * Lacks the ability to compliment/praise and encourage others * An obscure, mysterious character (enigmatic) Cultured (contrast to Darwin) - Keller's white clothing may indicate his real, but hidden Goodness. This "whiteness" is like holiness. This is a total contrast Though to his self-perception- this representation made by Goldsworthy is made to give the reader a better understanding of their own world. That people are not always as they may seem on the outside. -Quest for perfection- making Paul start from the beginning - Keller constantly collects clippings of newspaper articles. It seems he liked to study the behaviour of others to help him understand him self- Keller himself is trying to gain an understanding of his own world. As the reader is told about what some of the articles are about, we gain a greater understanding of issues, which were in a different period of time. ...

Civil war and the abolition of slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Civil war and the abolition of slavery - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that from 1565-1568, Spanish conquerors established a settlement in Florida wherein 500 slaves were introduced. After that, a flock of African slaves was brought by Dutch explorers in Jamestown, Virginia in the form of â€Å"indentured servitude,† and this group was the first permanent forced and involuntary servants in the New World. Northerners had a different view towards slavery because first and foremost, the North was an industrial territory while the South had a vast acre of agricultural plantations. Therefore, the Southerners took advantage of the presence of African slaves because of their massive labor force while the Northerners felt threatened that these slaves would soon take away their industrial jobs away from them since they worked for free. Both the abolition and pro-slavery sentiments were growing during the late 17th century. The abolition of slavery sentiment was fought by the Northerners, and later on, was grante d in 1804. Moreover, the federal government also encouraged the Southerners to end up slavery in order to achieve a balance between slave states and Free states. There was already the establishment of political balance in the United States, but the proposition of Democratic senator Stephen Douglas to allow territories between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains to choose whether or not to give permission to slavery. According to Arnold, this event led to the Civil War because it destroyed the said balance.

CHARACTER TRANSFORMATIONS IN FILM STORIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CHARACTER TRANSFORMATIONS IN FILM STORIES - Essay Example The Long Kiss Goodnight does not really involve an occasion or event; rather it is just a positive change in this character’s life. "Back when we first met you were all like oh phooey I burned the darn muffins. Now, you go into a bar and ten minutes later sailors come running out" (The long kiss goodnight). This line from the film, The Long Kiss Goodnight, spoken by Samuel L. Jackson’s character, Mitch Henessey, perfectly summarizes the character transformation made by Geena Davis’ character from Samantha Caine back to Charly Baltimore. As Charly Baltimore, Davis’ character was originally a top-secret agent working for the United States’ Government. After suffering from Amnesia, she transforms into Samantha Caine, a suburban housewife, and beloved member of the Parent Teacher Association (PTA) at her eight-year-old daughter, Caitlin’s school. However, her memories slowly begin to return to her while chopping vegetables during preparation of her family’s dinner one night. At first she thinks she may have been a chef, due to her above average knife skills. She is forced to learn that she was not a chef, but a lethal assassin, when characters from her past begin to seek her out to kill her. Character transformation films are an interesting genre. While generally somewhat predictable, the viewer has seen the â€Å"Ugly Duckling† story repeated in various forms throughout cinematic history, this film’s transformation did not wholly fit the typical mold. ‘Transformation movies’ 2005, Characteristics of transformation movies, viewed 10 December 2011,

History of Bareilly Essay Example for Free

History of Bareilly Essay The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history. From archaeological point of view the district of Bareilly is very rich. The extensive remains of Ahichhatra, the Capital town of Northern Panchala have been discovered near Ramnagar village of Aonla Tehsil in the district. It was during the first excavations at Ahichhatra (1940–44) that the painted grey ware, associated with the advent of the Aryans in Ganga Yamuna Valley, was recognised for the first time in the earliest levels of the site. Nearly five thousand coins belonging to periods earlier than that of Guptas have been yielded from Ahichhatra. It has also been one of the richest sites in India from the point of view of the total yield of terracotta. Some of the masterpieces of Indian terracotta art are from Ahichhatra. In fact the classification made of the terracotta human figurines from Ahichhatra on grounds of style and to some extent stratigraphy became a model for determining the stratigraphy of subsequent excavations at other sites in the Ganga Valley. On the basis of the existing material, the archaeology of the region helps us to get an idea of the cultural sequence from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 11th c. AD. Some ancient mounds in the district have also been discovered by the Deptt. of Ancient History and culture, Rohilkhand University, at Tihar-Khera (Fatehganj West), Pachaumi, Rahtuia, Kadarganj and Sainthal. [2]

Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Essay -- Health Medicine Medical Essays

Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Abstract Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy(OPCA), is characterized by neuronal degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, the inferior olive, and the pons. The symptoms associated with it are primarily cerebellar ataxia with disturbances in equilibrium and gait. However, broader symptomology is usually seen with OPCA. Current research is focusing on three primary systems thought to be responsible for the etiology of OPCA. They are excitatory amino acid disturbances, oligodendroglial microtubular tangles, and phospholipid metabolism disorders. The only treatment for OPCA is therapy focusing on improving the dysphagia associated with the disorder. Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy (OPCA) is a disease characterized primarily by the degeneration of neurons in the cerebellar cortex, pons, and inferior olive. It is a genetic disease, being either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive in nature. This disorder, which usually occurs in the middle years of life, presents symptoms of cerebellar ataxia, equilibrium disturbance, nystagmus, dysphasia, dysarthria, and possibly intellectual deficits. According to Merritt, the pathology of OPCA includes loss of Purkinje cells, reduction of the number of neurons in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, degeneration of the folia and white matter of the cerebellum, atrophy of the inferior olives and of the olivo-cerebellar connections, and atrophy of the pontine nuclei, arcuate nuclei, and brachium pontis (15). In addition to this, degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, corticospinal tracts, and frontal and temporal lobes has been reported (15). Biopsies on living OPCA patients have suggested that there are n... ...cerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 26:362-367, 1989. 12. Kish, S., Robitaille, Y., El-Awar, M. et. al. Brain amino acid reductions in one family with chromosome 6p-linked dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 30:780-784, 1991. 13.Landis, D., Rosenburg, R., Landis, S. et. al. Olivopontocerebellar degeneration. Archives of Neurology, 31:295--307, 1974. 14. Makowiec, R., Albin, R., Cha, J-H. et. al. Two types of quisqualate receptors are decreased in human olivopontocerebellar atrophy cerebellar cortex. Brain Research, 523:309-312, 1990. 15. Merritt, Houston. A Textbook of Neurology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. 1967 16. Nakazato, Y., Yamazaki, H., Hirato, J. et. al. Oligodendroglial microtubular tangles in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 49:521-530, 1990. Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Essay -- Health Medicine Medical Essays Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Abstract Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy(OPCA), is characterized by neuronal degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, the inferior olive, and the pons. The symptoms associated with it are primarily cerebellar ataxia with disturbances in equilibrium and gait. However, broader symptomology is usually seen with OPCA. Current research is focusing on three primary systems thought to be responsible for the etiology of OPCA. They are excitatory amino acid disturbances, oligodendroglial microtubular tangles, and phospholipid metabolism disorders. The only treatment for OPCA is therapy focusing on improving the dysphagia associated with the disorder. Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy (OPCA) is a disease characterized primarily by the degeneration of neurons in the cerebellar cortex, pons, and inferior olive. It is a genetic disease, being either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive in nature. This disorder, which usually occurs in the middle years of life, presents symptoms of cerebellar ataxia, equilibrium disturbance, nystagmus, dysphasia, dysarthria, and possibly intellectual deficits. According to Merritt, the pathology of OPCA includes loss of Purkinje cells, reduction of the number of neurons in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, degeneration of the folia and white matter of the cerebellum, atrophy of the inferior olives and of the olivo-cerebellar connections, and atrophy of the pontine nuclei, arcuate nuclei, and brachium pontis (15). In addition to this, degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, corticospinal tracts, and frontal and temporal lobes has been reported (15). Biopsies on living OPCA patients have suggested that there are n... ...cerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 26:362-367, 1989. 12. Kish, S., Robitaille, Y., El-Awar, M. et. al. Brain amino acid reductions in one family with chromosome 6p-linked dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 30:780-784, 1991. 13.Landis, D., Rosenburg, R., Landis, S. et. al. Olivopontocerebellar degeneration. Archives of Neurology, 31:295--307, 1974. 14. Makowiec, R., Albin, R., Cha, J-H. et. al. Two types of quisqualate receptors are decreased in human olivopontocerebellar atrophy cerebellar cortex. Brain Research, 523:309-312, 1990. 15. Merritt, Houston. A Textbook of Neurology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. 1967 16. Nakazato, Y., Yamazaki, H., Hirato, J. et. al. Oligodendroglial microtubular tangles in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 49:521-530, 1990.

Sure Things

Gangyi Wu Mark Scamahorn Eng 110, March 15, 2012 Desperate to survival How can a big brother who loses his parents in a short period of time survive? How is it possible for him to take care of his little brother at the same time? In A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, the author Dave Eggers describes a long dialogue between him and his brother Toph. In fact, the dialogue is not happening in the real world; instead, it is a â€Å"me and I† dialogue. Dave talks about his long day in the beginning of this dialogue, while â€Å"Toph† extends the conversation to the discussion of Dave’s inner being.Actually Dave is analyzing his behavior with respect to Toph. From the dialogue, we can tell Dave is desperate and is eager to have a normal life with Toph. Dave’s dialogue with â€Å"Toph’ shows Dave is aggressive. Dave is trying to escape the past and use moral authority to condemn other for the purpose of building himself up. Dave is trying to run a way from the past guilt. The guilty feelings make Dave stay away from the past. â€Å"Toph† says, â€Å"You’re completely paralyzed with guilt about relating all this in the first place, especially the stuff earlier on. †(115).The past was horrible for Dave. He suffered a lot, he lost his parents, and more importantly, his family. He is afraid to remember his family, because he is afraid that those painful memories will haunt after him. The guilt, as â€Å"Toph† describes, constrains him. Dave feels guilty for his parents’ death. The â€Å"family† area in his brain is a forbidden zone. He preserves this area carefully in order to avoid the potential harm coming from the heartrending stories. Otherwise, these areas may drive him ballistic. As a result, Dave tries many ways to escape the guilt.At the very beginning of the conversation, Dave and â€Å"Toph† are talking about their long day. Dave argues that â€Å"this is a much pedestri an day than most†, because â€Å"this is just a caricature†¦ the skeleton†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (115) Toph says: â€Å"you’re†¦. doing little tricks, out of frustration. †(115). From this conversation, we can see that Dave is trying to make things look fake; he does not want things to get a hold of him, especially the guilty feelings. Instead of manipulating the old memories into â€Å"skeleton† and â€Å"caricature† he would rather treat them as his own real experience.He is numbing himself out. By discarding all the old things to jump out of the old memories, Dave also wants to have a brand new life with Toph. â€Å"Toph† says, â€Å"you can toss away all the old rules†¦ and for all your bluster you end up maintaining most of their customs. †(116). He is attempting to leave away from the rules in his old family; he wants to dominate his own rule and create a new home rule. He blusters and struggles. He is desperate! No matter how hard Dave tries, he fails, and all the failures gradually lead him to the edge of collapse.Dave becomes an aggressive man, because he is over sensitive about the potential harm may happen to Toph. â€Å"Toph† recounts a scene between Dave and a friend, Marny. Dave is irritated about Toph’s ignorance’s to call, after waiting for Toph to return home. Marny exhorts Dave not to be harsh but Dave wraths immediately, â€Å"you think you have a say in something like that, just because I am young. †(116) Apparently he is harsh to Toph and now he is mean to his best friend. Marny is showing him kindness whereas Dave attacks her simply because she doubts what he is doing.In this moment, Dave already becomes extremely sensitive. He regards himself as Toph’s mother, â€Å"you would never contradict some forty-year-old mother, would you? † (116) He is a forty-year-old â€Å"mother† who is old enough to have authority over Toph; Dave believes h e has the competence to take care of Toph, and at the mean time he is doing a good parenting job. Therefore, no one can challenge his authority. Consequently Dave overly defends the leadership that he has over the new family. No one can judge an old â€Å"mother†. He is as bossy as an old â€Å"mother† holding the decision making power in his mind.Dave describes his attitude to those potential enemies from â€Å"Toph’s† words, â€Å"You’ll picture all manners of murders in my defense. Your visions will be vivid and horrifically violent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (117) Dave would like to punish his â€Å"enemies† in his own mind with weapons like a baseball bat. Dave values Toph the most in his heart, and anyone who dares to harm Toph should pay a high price. Dave will punish them as fierce as he can. Paragraph indicates that Dave lacks the sense of safety. Inside his imagination, outsiders always want to dig out his family’s scars and judge him a nd Toph.He desires to beat every enemy down before they appear, so that no one could harm them. He tries to condemn others by using his moral authority in order to gain confidence about life. Toph says, â€Å"You finally have the moral authority you’ve carved†¦And now your moral authority is doubled, tripled. And you use it any way you need to. † (118) The moral authority is the weapon Dave uses to intimidate others. For him it is a shield that protects him from being humiliated, since he is morally superior to others. This is exactly what Toph infers about his authority, â€Å"because it increases your leverage with other people. (119) As a result, Dave can judge others without getting criticism back. In the incomplete family, Dave and Toph are weak. However with the moral authority, he can rule over others; no one will have a judgment about his family, or Toph. He even judges his twenty-nine years old girl friend, â€Å"you’ll make this poor woman feel like a leper†¦ you want her to fell like a pariah, like a lower form of life†¦ what your feel anyone tethered to any addiction is. † (118) â€Å"Leper† and â€Å"pariah† are insulting words that a normal person would not use to criticize a smoking woman.By looking down on others and saying those insulting words, Dave is attempting to gain self-esteem. His behaviors make himself look like a superior. Although the people are living better than Dave, he refuses to accept reality. What Dave wants is to create a favorable family environment for Toph, to give him new home. In this family he is a father, a mother, a big brother and an orphan without parents. Dave is attempting pull himself out of the old and painful memories. On the other hand, he is shouldering the responsibilities of Toph.He talks to the imaginary Toph to cure himself with an â€Å"open heart surgery†. Toph is an illusion of real Toph in his heart. There two brothers are having a coun seling session together indirectly. Dave loves Toph. He is playing his role as a protector. He wants to protect Toph from the people outside their house, to keep Toph from other people’s judgments. The only reason Dave becomes a desperate and pretended guardian is to become strong enough to stand up for Toph’s protection. Work Cited Eggers, Dave. A heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, New York. Vintage Books. 2000. 114-120. Print.

What Does It Mean to Make a Claim During an Argument

Claims backed by reasons that are supported by evidence are called arguments. To win an argument, you first have to make a claim that is more than just an assertion. You use critical thinking skills and argue your case using claims, reason, and evidence. In rhetoric  and argumentation, a claim  is an arguable statement—an idea that a rhetor (a speaker or writer) asks an audience to accept. Persuasive Claims Generally speaking, there are three primary types of claims in an argument, also called persuasive claims: Claims of fact assert that something is true or not true.Claims of value assert that something is good or bad, or more or less desirable.Claims of policy assert that one course of action is superior to another. A persuasive claim in an opinion, idea, or assertion. In rational arguments, all three types of claims must be supported by evidence. Jason Del Gandio, in the book, Rhetoric for Radicals, gives these examples of persuasive claims in an argument: I think we should have universal health care.I believe the government is corrupt.We need a revolution. Gandio explains that these claims make sense, but they need to be backed up with evidence and reasoning. Identifying Claims The University of Washington says a claim persuades, argues, convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests something to a reader who may or may not initially agree with you. A claim is more than an opinion but it is less than a universally agreed upon truth, such as The sky is blue or Birds fly in the sky. An academic claim—a claim you make in an argument—is considered debatable or up for inquiry. James Jasinski explains in Argument: Sourcebook on Rhetoric that a claim expresses a specific position on some doubtful or controversial issue that the arguer wants the audience to accept. A claim is not, then, an opinion, such as I think Twinkies are delicious. But if you took that same sentence and recrafted it into an arguable statement, you could create a claim, such as Twinkies and other sugary, processed foods can make you fat. Not everyone might agree with your claim, but you would be able to use scientific and medical evidence (such as studies showing that sugary processed foods lead to weight gain and other health problems) to support your claim. Types of Claims You can further break claims in an argument into four basic types, says Mesa Community College: Claims of fact or definition: Particularly in this day and age, people disagree on hitherto commonly accepted facts. A claim of fact or definition might be that grades do not accurately measure student progress or lie detector tests are inaccurate. Traditionally, grades have been the common measure of student success, but you could argue that they do not really represent a students true abilities. And lie detector tests were at one point thought to provide clear and accurate evidence, but you could use facts to argue that they can be unreliable. Claims About Cause and Effect: This type of claim argues that given causes lead to specific effects, such as watching too much television when young leads to obesity or poor school performance. To make this claim, you would have to show evidence (scientific studies, for example) that show television leads to these outcomes. Another debatable cause-and-effect claim would be that video games that depict violence lead to real violence. Claims About Solutions or Policies: This kind of claim might argue that because the healthcare system does not adequately assist Americans (you would argue that this is a fact), it should be reformed (you argue for the solution/policy), says Mesa Community College. Claims About Value: This type of claim might be the trickiest to argue because you are trying to prove that one thing is better or superior to another. For example, you might claim that people who are blind or deaf have a unique culture of blindness or deafness. You could support either argument by researching and presenting facts that these two areas of disability do indeed have unique cultures and communities.